Bank Statement Loans for Doctors and Licensed Medical Professionals

bank statement loans for doctors

Program Overview and Applicability for Medical Professionals

Bank Statement Loans (BSLs) are a critical component of the Non-Qualified Mortgage (Non-QM) market. They are designed to provide alternative financing for self-employed professionals, such as doctors who own private practices, medical consultants, or specialized contractors, whose incomes are challenging to verify using conventional methods. Bank Statement Loans for doctors and licensed medical professionals offer a flexible solution by allowing medical professionals to qualify using bank deposits rather than traditional tax documents.

A. Borrower Profile and Necessity

Doctors and medical professionals who are self-employed often minimize their taxable income by utilizing legitimate business deductions and write-offs. This reduction in Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) can prevent them from qualifying for a loan using standard W-2s or tax returns.

The Bank Statement program addresses this by allowing the lender to analyze the borrower’s actual cash flow over time, focusing on regular deposits as evidence of stable and sufficient income to repay the loan.

B. Eligibility for Active Businesses

The Bank Statement program is strictly designed for borrowers with an active, U.S. based business that is generating stable revenue. The borrower must derive their primary income from this self-employed activity. Non-profit medical entities are not eligible.

Specialized Qualification Criteria for Licensed Professionals

A significant benefit of this program for doctors and other licensed professionals is the ability to qualify even if they have recently established their practice, provided they meet specific experience thresholds.

A. Business History Requirements

General Rule: Borrowers generally must have been self-employed in the same business for a minimum of two years.

  1. Licensed Profession Exception: For self-employed borrowers in a licensed profession, such as Medical, Legal, or Accounting, the business may be considered if it has been in existence for less than two years, but greater than one year.
  2. Required Experience (In Lieu of 2 Years): To utilize this exception, the medical professional must provide documentation verifying one of the following:
    •     At least three years (Horizon guidelines) or two years (Sharp and Prime guidelines) of documented previous experience in the same profession.
    •     Evidence of formal education in a related field.
  3. Ownership Requirement: The self-employed borrower must have an ownership interest in the business of 25% or greater to utilize business bank statements.

B. Transition from W-2 to 1099

A doctor recently transitioning from a salaried W-2 hospital position to an independent contractor (1099) role may be considered if they meet specific criteria, such as being with the same employer for at least two years or being in the same industry with a similar role (e.g., medical doctor).

Income Calculation and Documentation

The lender calculates qualifying income by analyzing either personal or business bank statements over a 12- or 24-month period.

A. Required Documentation

  • Bank Statements: Lenders require 12 or 24 months of complete and consecutive bank statements from the same account. The statements should be dated within 60 to 90 days of the note date.
  • Business Verification: The existence of the business must be verified via a third party (CPA, regulatory agency, or licensing bureau) within 30 calendar days prior to the note date.
  • Tax Documentation: Tax transcripts are explicitly not required on Bank Statement Loans. Providing tax returns or transcripts may render the loan ineligible for the Bank Statement product.

B. Income Calculation Methods

When using business bank statements (common for established medical practices), an expense factor is applied to the gross deposits to determine net income:

Calculation MethodCriteria
Fixed Expense RatioA fixed expense ratio of 50% is standard for most business types. The income is calculated by applying the 50% factor to eligible deposits and then multiplying by the borrower’s ownership percentage.
Third-Party P&L or Expense RatioCPA, EA, or PTIN licensed tax preparer may provide a letter specifying the business’s actual expense ratio. The minimum allowable expense ratio for qualification is 20%.
Co-Mingled AccountsIf a sole proprietor doctor uses a single account for both personal and business expenses, the account is treated as a business bank statement loan, requiring the application of an expense factor. Some guidelines specifically note that co-mingled funds may be considered for “Doctors, Lawyers, Consultants”.
Declining IncomeIf the deposit trend shows a decrease (e.g., 25% or more decrease in the most recent 3 months in some programs), a satisfactory Letter of Explanation (LOE) is required to support the stability of the income.

General Qualification Standards

Doctors utilizing BSLs must still meet high standards regarding creditworthiness and overall debt management.

  • Minimum FICO Score: A good credit score is necessary, typically requiring a minimum FICO of 680 to 700 or higher.
  • Maximum DTI: The maximum Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio is generally capped at 50%.
  • Loan Purposes: BSLs are eligible for Purchase, Rate-and-Term Refinance, and Cash-Out Refinance. They can be used for the borrower’s Primary Residence, Second Home, and Investment Properties.
  • LTV Limits: Maximum LTVs for Alt Doc loans on primary residences can reach 85% (FICO 700+) or 80% (FICO 660). For investment properties, LTVs can go up to 80% (FICO 660+).
  • Ineligible Deposits: The underwriter will exclude ineligible deposits such as loan proceeds, tax refunds, transfers between personal accounts, and unexplained large deposits (those greater than 50% of average monthly deposits).

FAQ's

For the exception allowing less than two years of self-employment (but more than one year), programs like Horizon Expanded require a minimum 700 score.

If the account is co-mingled, meaning it reflects both personal and business expenses, it will be treated as a business bank statement loan and must be qualified using an expense factor.

No. If tax returns or tax transcripts are included in the file, the loan is rendered ineligible for the Bank Statement product, as this is an Alt Doc program designed specifically to bypass tax returns.

When using business bank statements, a fixed expense ratio of 50% is standard for most business types to determine the net qualifying income.

Yes, a borrower transitioning from W-2 to 1099 may be eligible if they are in the same industry with a similar role (e.g., medical doctor) and meet specific documentation requirements.

The doctor must provide documentation showing at least two years of documented previous experience in the same profession, or provide evidence of formal education in a related field.

No, there is an exception. Borrowers in a licensed profession, such as Medical, Legal, or Accounting, may be considered if their business has been in existence for less than two years, but greater than one year.

The self-employed borrower must verify a minimum of 25% ownership in the business entity to utilize business bank statements for income qualification.

Yes, the BSL program is designed for borrowers with an active U.S. based business that is generating stable revenue, which includes medical practices or self-employed consultant roles.

BSLs are beneficial because medical professionals who own their practices often utilize legitimate tax deductions and write-offs, resulting in low taxable income that makes qualification difficult under traditional mortgage standards. BSLs allow them to qualify based on actual cash flow.

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